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<h1 id="firstHeading" class="firstHeading mw-first-heading"><i>Dendrobium</i></h1>
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<table cellpadding="2" class="float-right taxobox infobox" id="Vorlage_Taxobox" style="width:300px;margin-top:0.5em;" summary="Taxobox">
<tbody><tr>
<th><i>Dendrobium</i>
</th></tr>
<tr>
<td class="taxo-bild" style="font-size:smaller;">
<p><i>Dendrobium crumenatum</i>
</p>
</td></tr>
<tr>
<th><a href="Systematik_(Biologie)" title="Systematik (Biologie)">Systematik</a>
</th></tr>
<tr>
<td>
<table class="toptextcells" style="width:100%;">
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<td><i><a href="Ordnung_(Biologie)" title="Ordnung (Biologie)">Ordnung</a>:</i>
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<td><a href="Spargelartige" title="Spargelartige">Spargelartige</a> (Asparagales)
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td><i><a href="Familie_(Biologie)" title="Familie (Biologie)">Familie</a>:</i>
</td>
<td><a href="Orchideen" title="Orchideen">Orchideen</a> (Orchidaceae)
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td><i><a href="Familie_(Biologie)" title="Familie (Biologie)">Unterfamilie</a>:</i>
</td>
<td><a href="Epidendroideae" title="Epidendroideae">Epidendroideae</a>
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td><i><a href="Tribus_(Biologie)" title="Tribus (Biologie)">Tribus</a>:</i>
</td>
<td>Malaxideae
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td><i><a href="Tribus_(Biologie)" title="Tribus (Biologie)">Untertribus</a>:</i>
</td>
<td>Dendrobiinae
</td></tr>
<tr>
<td><i><a href="Gattung_(Biologie)" title="Gattung (Biologie)">Gattung</a>:</i>
</td>
<td><i>Dendrobium</i>
</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
</td></tr>
<tr>
<th><a href="Nomenklatur_(Biologie)" title="Nomenklatur (Biologie)">Wissenschaftlicher Name</a>
</th></tr>
<tr>
<td class="taxo-name"><i>Dendrobium</i>
</td></tr>
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<td class="Person"><a href="Olof_Peter_Swartz" title="Olof Peter Swartz">Sw.</a>
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<p><i><b>Dendrobium</b></i> (von <span style="font-style:normal;font-weight:normal"><a href="Altgriechische_Sprache" title="Altgriechische Sprache">altgriechisch</a></span> <span lang="grc-Grek" class="Grek" style="font-style:normal">δένδρον</span> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r261937631">
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</style><span class="Latn" lang="grc-Latn" style="font-weight:normal;font-style:italic">dendron</span>, deutsch <span lang="de" style="font-style:normal;font-weight:normal">‚Baum‘</span> und <span lang="grc-Grek" class="Grek">βίος</span> <span class="Latn" lang="grc-Latn" style="font-weight:normal;font-style:italic">bios</span>, deutsch <span lang="de" style="font-style:normal;font-weight:normal">‚Leben‘</span>) ist eine umfangreiche <a href="Gattung_(Biologie)" title="Gattung (Biologie)">Gattung</a> aus der <a href="Familie_(Biologie)" title="Familie (Biologie)">Familie</a> der <a href="Orchideen" title="Orchideen">Orchideen</a> (Orchidaceae), die etwa 1600 (Stand 2024) vorwiegend tropische <a href="Art_(Biologie)" title="Art (Biologie)">Arten</a> umfasst. Die Gattung wurde im Jahre 1799 vom schwedischen Botaniker <a href="Olof_Peter_Swartz" title="Olof Peter Swartz">Olof Peter Swartz</a> in <i>Nova Acta Regiae Societatis Scientiarum Upsaliensis</i> ser. 2, Band 6, Seite 82 aufgestellt.
</p>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Lebensweise_und_Vorkommen">Lebensweise und Vorkommen</h2></div>
<p>Dendrobien leben überwiegend <a href="Epiphyt" title="Epiphyt">epiphytisch</a>, vor allem auf Bäumen, gelegentlich auch <a href="Lithophyt" title="Lithophyt">lithophytisch</a> (also auf Felsen). Sie besiedeln unterschiedliche Lebensräume auf dem <a href="S%C3%BCdostasien" title="Südostasien">südostasiatischen</a> Festland, den <a href="Philippinen" title="Philippinen">Philippinen</a>, <a href="Borneo" title="Borneo">Borneo</a>, <a href="Australien" title="Australien">Australien</a>, <a href="Neuguinea" title="Neuguinea">Neuguinea</a> und <a href="Neuseeland" title="Neuseeland">Neuseeland</a>. Sie haben sich dort an eine Vielzahl von Lebensräumen angepasst, die von den Höhenlagen des <a href="Himalaya" title="Himalaya">Himalaya</a> bis zu tropischen Tieflandregenwäldern reichen, und sogar das trockene Klima des Landesinneren von Australien umfassen.
</p>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Morphologie">Morphologie</h2></div>
<p>Die Vertreter der Gattung <i>Dendrobium</i> besitzen einen <a href="Sympodium" title="Sympodium">sympodialen</a> Wuchs. Die keulen-, spindel- oder rohrartigen <a href="Pseudobulbe" title="Pseudobulbe">Pseudobulben</a> unterscheiden sich in ihrer Größe sehr stark. Die kleinsten Vertreter der Gattung weisen Triebe von nur wenigen Zentimetern auf, während die Triebe der großen Arten mehr als 100 cm lang werden können. Die meist ovalen Blätter sitzen wechselständig. Die Blütenstände erscheinen sowohl an den Kanten als auch an den Spitzen der vorjährigen Pseudobulben und sind häufig traubig. Charakteristisch ist eine Kinnbildung unterhalb des <a href="Fruchtknoten" title="Fruchtknoten">Fruchtknotens</a>, so dass die seitlichen <a href="Kelchblatt" title="Kelchblatt">Sepalen</a> oft schief stehen.
</p>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Systematik">Systematik</h2></div>
<p>Eine Liste der anerkannten fast 1600 Arten findet sich bei R. Govaerts.<sup id="cite_ref-WCSP_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-WCSP-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>
</p><p>Für die Gattung <i>Dendrobium</i> <style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r261921330">
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</style><span class="Person h-card">Sw.</span> nom. cons. gibt es folgende <a href="Synonym_(Taxonomie)" title="Synonym (Taxonomie)">Synonyme</a>: Abaxianthus <span class="Person h-card">M.A.Clem. & D.L.Jones</span>, <i>Aclinia</i> <span class="Person h-card">Griff.</span>, <i>Amblyanthe</i> <span class="Person h-card">Rauschert</span>, <i>Amblyanthus</i> <span class="Person h-card">(Schltr.) Brieger</span> nom. illeg., <i>Anisopetala</i> <span class="Person h-card">(Kraenzl.) M.A.Clem.</span>, <i>Aporopsis</i> <span class="Person h-card">(Schltr.) M.A.Clem. & D.L.Jones</span>, <i>Aporum</i> <span class="Person h-card">Blume</span>, <i>Asarum</i> <span class="Person h-card">Archila</span> nom. illeg., <i>Australorchis</i> <span class="Person h-card">Brieger</span>, <i>Bolbodium</i> <span class="Person h-card">Brieger</span>, <i>Bouletia</i> <span class="Person h-card">M.A.Clem. & D.L.Jones</span>, <i>Cadetia</i> <span class="Person h-card">Gaudich.</span>, <i>Callista</i> <span class="Person h-card">Lour.</span>, <i>Cannaeorchis</i> <span class="Person h-card">M.A.Clem. & D.L.Jones</span>, <i>Cepobaculum</i> <span class="Person h-card">M.A.Clem. & D.L.Jones</span>, <i>Ceraia</i> <span class="Person h-card">Lour.</span>, <i>Ceratobium</i> <span class="Person h-card">(Lindl.) M.A.Clem. & D.L.Jones</span>, <i>Chromatotriccum</i> <span class="Person h-card">M.A.Clem. & D.L.Jones</span>, <i>Coelandria</i> <span class="Person h-card">Fitzg.</span>, <i>Conostalix</i> <span class="Person h-card">(Kraenzl.) Brieger</span>, <i>Davejonesia</i> <span class="Person h-card">M.A.Clem.</span>, <i>Dendrobates</i> <span class="Person h-card">M.A.Clem. & D.L.Jones</span>, <i>Dendrocoryne</i> <span class="Person h-card">(Lindl.) Brieger</span>, <i>Desmotrichum</i> <span class="Person h-card">Blume</span> nom. illeg. <i>Dichopus</i> <span class="Person h-card">Blume</span>, <i>Diplocaulobium</i> <span class="Person h-card">(Rchb. f.) Kraenzl.</span>, <i>Distichorchis</i> <span class="Person h-card">M.A.Clem. & D.L.Jones</span>, <i>Ditulima</i> <span class="Person h-card">Raf.</span>, <i>Dockrillia</i> <span class="Person h-card">Brieger</span>, <i>Dolichocentrum</i> <span class="Person h-card">(Schltr.) Brieger</span>, <i>Durabaculum</i> <span class="Person h-card">M.A.Clem. & D.L.Jones</span>, <i>Eleutheroglossum</i> <span class="Person h-card">(Schltr.) M.A.Clem. & D.L.Jones</span>, <i>Endeisa</i> <span class="Person h-card">Raf.</span>, <i>Ephemerantha</i> <span class="Person h-card">P.F.Hunt & Summerh.</span>, <i>Epigeneium</i> <span class="Person h-card">Gagnep.</span>, <i>Eriopexis</i> <span class="Person h-card">(Schltr.) Brieger</span>, <i>Euphlebium</i> <span class="Person h-card">(Kraenzl.) Brieger</span>, <i>Eurycaulis</i> <span class="Person h-card">M.A.Clem. & D.L.Jones</span>, <i>Exochanthus</i> <span class="Person h-card">M.A.Clem. & D.L.Jones</span>, <i>Flickingeria</i> <span class="Person h-card">A.D.Hawkes</span>, <i>Froscula</i> <span class="Person h-card">Raf.</span>, <i>Gersinia</i><span class="Person h-card"> Néraud</span>, <i>Goldschmidtia</i> <span class="Person h-card">Dammer</span>, <i>Grastidium</i> <span class="Person h-card">Blume</span>, <i>Herpetophytum</i> <span class="Person h-card">(Schltr.) Brieger</span>, <i>Hibiscorchis</i> <span class="Person h-card">Archila & Vinc.Bertolini</span>, <i>Inobulbon</i> <span class="Person h-card">Schltr. & Kraenzl.</span>, <i>Keranthus</i> <span class="Person h-card">Lour. ex Endl.</span>, <i>Kinetochilus</i> <span class="Person h-card">(Schltr.) Brieger</span>, <i>Latourea</i> <span class="Person h-card">Blume</span>, <i>Latourorchis</i> <span class="Person h-card">Brieger</span>, <i>Leioanthum</i> <span class="Person h-card">M.A.Clem. & D.L.Jones</span>, <i>Maccraithea</i> <span class="Person h-card">M.A.Clem. & D.L.Jones</span>, <i>Macrostomium</i> <span class="Person h-card">Blume</span>, <i>Microphytanthe</i> <span class="Person h-card">(Schltr.) Brieger</span>, <i>Monanthos</i> <span class="Person h-card">(Schltr.) Brieger</span>, <i>Onychium</i> <span class="Person h-card">Blume</span>, <i>Ormostema</i> <span class="Person h-card">Raf.</span>, <i>Orthoglottis</i> <span class="Person h-card">Breda</span>, <i>Oxyglossellum</i> <span class="Person h-card">M.A.Clem. & D.L.Jones</span>, <i>Pedilonum</i> <span class="Person h-card">Blume</span>, <i>Pierardia</i> <span class="Person h-card">Raf.</span> nom. illeg., <i>Sarcocadetia</i> <span class="Person h-card">(Schltr.) M.A.Clem. & D.L.Jones</span>, <i>Sayeria</i> <span class="Person h-card">Kraenzl.</span>, <i>Schismoceras</i> <span class="Person h-card">C.Presl</span>, <i>Stachyobium</i> <span class="Person h-card">Rchb. f.</span>, <i>Stelbophyllum</i> <span class="Person h-card">D.L.Jones & M.A.Clem.</span> orth. var., <i>Stilbophyllum</i> <span class="Person h-card">D.L.Jones & M.A.Clem.</span>, <i>Tetrabaculum</i> <span class="Person h-card">M.A.Clem. & D.L.Jones</span>, <i>Tetrodon</i> <span class="Person h-card">(Kraenzl.) M.A.Clem. & D.L.Jones</span>, <i>Thelychiton</i> <span class="Person h-card">Endl.</span>, <i>Thicuania</i> <span class="Person h-card">Raf.</span>, <i>Trachyrhizum</i> <span class="Person h-card">(Schltr.) Brieger</span>, <i>Tropilis</i> <span class="Person h-card">Raf.</span>, <i>Vappodes</i> <span class="Person h-card">M.A.Clem. & D.L.Jones</span>, <i>Winika</i> <span class="Person h-card">M.A.Clem., D.L.Jones & Molloy</span>, ×<i>Dockrilobium</i> <span class="Person h-card">J.M.H.Shaw</span>, ×<i>Vappaculum</i> <span class="Person h-card">M.A.Clem. & D.L.Jones</span><sup id="cite_ref-GeneraOrchidacearum2014_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-GeneraOrchidacearum2014-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>
</p>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Verwendung">Verwendung</h2></div>
<p>Dendrobien werden vielfach als Zierpflanzen kultiviert. Es existieren zahlreiche Varietäten und Hybriden, die insbesondere von zwei Arten abgeleitet sind: <i>Dendrobium nobile</i>, mit Eignung auch für die kühlere Fensterbank und winterlicher Ruhephase, sowie <i>Dendrobium bigibbum</i> mit höherer Wärmebedürftigkeit und ohne ausgeprägte Ruheperiode.
</p><p>Daneben werden Dendrobien auch in der chinesischen Volksmedizin eingesetzt, zum Beispiel zur Stärkung der Darmwege oder gegen hohes Fieber.
</p><p><i>Dendrobium sp.</i> vermag in gewissem Umfang <a href="Xylol" class="mw-redirect" title="Xylol">Xylol</a> und <a href="Toluol" title="Toluol">Toluol</a> aus der Luft von Innenräumen zu entfernen.<sup id="cite_ref-Wolverton1996_3-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Wolverton1996-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-Wolverton1993_4-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Wolverton1993-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>
</p>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Galerie">Galerie</h2></div>
<ul class="gallery mw-gallery-traditional">
<li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px">
<div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"></span></div>
<div class="gallerytext"><i>Dendrobium amabile</i></div>
</li>
<li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px">
<div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"></span></div>
<div class="gallerytext"><i>Dendrobium anosmum</i></div>
</li>
<li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px">
<div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"></span></div>
<div class="gallerytext"><i>Dendrobium antennatum</i></div>
</li>
<li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px">
<div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"></span></div>
<div class="gallerytext"><i>Dendrobium boosii</i></div>
</li>
<li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px">
<div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"></span></div>
<div class="gallerytext"><i>Dendrobium clavator</i></div>
</li>
<li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px">
<div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"></span></div>
<div class="gallerytext"><i>Dendrobium lindleyi</i></div>
</li>
<li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px">
<div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"></span></div>
<div class="gallerytext"><i>Dendrobium macrophyllum</i></div>
</li>
<li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px">
<div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"></span></div>
<div class="gallerytext"><i>Dendrobium nobile</i></div>
</li>
<li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px">
<div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"></span></div>
<div class="gallerytext"><i>Dendrobium purpureum</i></div>
</li>
<li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px">
<div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"></span></div>
<div class="gallerytext"><i>Dendrobium subclausum</i></div>
</li>
<li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px">
<div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"></span></div>
<div class="gallerytext"><i>Dendrobium terminale</i></div>
</li>
<li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px">
<div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"></span></div>
<div class="gallerytext"><i>Dendrobium tangerinum</i></div>
</li>
<li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px">
<div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"></span></div>
<div class="gallerytext"><i>Dendrobium delicatum</i></div>
</li>
<li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px">
<div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"></span></div>
<div class="gallerytext"><i>Dendrobium usitae</i></div>
</li>
<li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px">
<div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"></span></div>
<div class="gallerytext"><i>Dendrobium trilamllatum</i></div>
</li>
<li class="gallerybox" style="width: 155px">
<div class="thumb" style="width: 150px; height: 150px;"><span typeof="mw:File"></span></div>
<div class="gallerytext"><i>Dendrobium striolatum</i></div>
</li>
</ul>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Weblinks">Weblinks</h2></div>
<div class="sisterproject" style="margin:0.1em 0 0 0;"><div class="noresize noviewer" style="display:inline-block; line-height:10px; min-width:1.6em; text-align:center;" aria-hidden="true" role="presentation"><span class="mw-default-size" typeof="mw:File"><span title="Commons"></span></span></div><b><span class=""><a class="external text" href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:Dendrobium?uselang=de"><span lang="en">Commons</span>: <i>Dendrobium</i></a></span></b> – Sammlung von Bildern, Videos und Audiodateien</div>
<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Einzelnachweise">Einzelnachweise</h2></div>
<ol class="references">
<li id="cite_note-WCSP-1"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-WCSP_1-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://powo.science.kew.org/results?q=%22Dendrobium%22"><i>Dendrobium</i></a>. In: <i>POWO</i> = <i>Plants of the World Online</i> von Board of Trustees of the Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew: <i>Kew Science</i>, abgerufen am 10. Juli 2018.</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-GeneraOrchidacearum2014-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-GeneraOrchidacearum2014_2-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">
Alec M. Pridgeon, Phillip Cribb, Mark W. Chase, Finn N. Rasmussen: <cite class="lang" lang="en" dir="auto" style="font-style:italic">Epidendroideae (Part 3)</cite>. In: <cite class="lang" lang="en" dir="auto" style="font-style:italic">Genera Orchidacearum</cite>. <span style="white-space:nowrap">Band<span style="display:inline-block;width:.2em"> </span>6</span>. Oxford University Press, Oxford 2014, ISBN 978-0-19-964651-7, <span style="white-space:nowrap">S.<span style="display:inline-block;width:.2em"> </span>1–576</span> (englisch, <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://books.google.de/books?id=s9HQAgAAQBAJ">eingeschränkte Vorschau</a> in der Google-Buchsuche).<span class="Z3988" title="ctx_ver=Z39.88-2004&rft_val_fmt=info%3Aofi%2Ffmt%3Akev%3Amtx%3Abook&rfr_id=info:sid/de.wikipedia.org:Dendrobium&rft.atitle=Epidendroideae+%28Part+3%29&rft.au=Alec+M.+Pridgeon%2C+Phillip+Cribb%2C+Mark+W.+Chase%2C+...&rft.btitle=Genera+Orchidacearum&rft.date=2014&rft.genre=book&rft.isbn=9780199646517&rft.pages=1-576&rft.place=Oxford&rft.pub=Oxford+University+Press&rft.volume=6" style="display:none"> </span></span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-Wolverton1996-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Wolverton1996_3-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Wolverton, B. C. (1996) <i>How to Grow Fresh Air</i>. New York: Penguin Books.</span>
</li>
<li id="cite_note-Wolverton1993-4"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><a href="#cite_ref-Wolverton1993_4-0">↑</a></span> <span class="reference-text">Wolverton, B. C. and J. D. Wolverton. (1993). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.wolvertonenvironmental.com/MsAcad-93.pdf">Plants and soil microorganisms: removal of formaldehyde, xylene, and ammonia from the indoor environment.</a> <i>Journal of the Mississippi Academy of Sciences</i> 38(2), 11–15.</span>
</li>
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